When I first encountered the term Cord Blood Registry to be honest I actually didn’t know what it was or how profoundly it could impact on the lives of other and be potentially life-saving. Kathy Engle, Director of the Cord Blood Registry in Califonia kindly agreed to tell us about how the cord blood bank and regenerative medicine
What is the Cord Blood Registry?
CBR is the most experienced cord blood bank in the world. CBR has saved
cord blood stem cells for more than 400,000 newborns and has helped many
families use their stem cells for lifesaving transplants and other
therapies.
What is Cord blood banking?
A one-time opportunity to save a baby’s cord blood stem cells for potential medical uses. Having cord blood saved can be lifesaving or life-changing for a baby or other family members and ensures that these cells are immediately available if ever needed.
How is the cord blood collected?
By a painless procedure that usually takes less than five minutes and happens immediately after birth. After the umbilical cord has been cut, the remaining blood in the cord is collected. The cord blood is then shipped to the laboratory, processed, and frozen in cryogenic storage tanks for long-term preservation.
What are the benefits of storing a babies cord blood stem cells?
Cord blood is the blood that remains in your newborn’s umbilical cord
after birth. Cord blood is an invaluable source of a pristine type of
stem cell that can be used in a variety of medical treatments.
What are Stem cells and why do they continue to be of increasing interest to medical scientists?
They are the body’s “master cells” because they are the building
blocks of organ tissues, blood, and the immune system. Stem cells from
bone marrow were first used to regenerate blood and immune cells for
patients who had received chemotherapy for cancer. In the late 1980s,
doctors started using cord blood stem cells to treat diseases that had
previously been treated with bone marrow transplantation.
Today, cord blood stem cells are successfully being used to save lives.
They also are being researched in an exciting new area of medicine
called regenerative medicine, where scientists are studying the use of
cord blood stem cells in experimental treatments for conditions like
brain injury and acquired hearing loss.
Can the stem cells benefit people outside the immediate family?
Expectant parents have three options for cord blood after birth:
* They can choose a family bank to save the stem cells
for a fee with the bank for exclusive use by your family (ownership
rights are retained by the family);
* They can donate the cord blood to a public bank for potential
use by a patient who needs a transplant (As extra clarification: when
you donate for public use, if the sample is eligible and stored, the
cord blood may be available to any patient who needs a transplant,
donors give up their ownership rights);
* Or the cord blood can be discarded as medical waste.
In the last 20 years, cord blood stem cells have been used in more than
25,000 transplants worldwide, so they have successfully benefitted
people inside and outside a family.
How many years has CBR been operating and in how many countries?
CBR stored its first cord blood unit nearly twenty years ago. Since
that time, the company has grown to be the largest family bank in the
world and provided the most number of units for treatment than any other
family bank. CBR is proud to serve clients in more than 80 countries
around the world.
Cord blood stem cells have been successfully used in transplant medicine
for more than 20 years. Cord blood has been used to treat many
life-threatening diseases including leukemia, other cancers, blood
disorders, metabolic disorders, and immune diseases.
Cord blood also is being used in regenerative medicine research, where
stem cells are being evaluated for their ability to induce healing and
regenerate cells to repair tissues. Clinical trials are evaluating a
child’s own cord blood stem cell infusions as experimental therapies to
treat cerebral palsy, brain injury, juvenile diabetes, and acquired
hearing loss.
How can a potential donor find out if there is a cord blood bank
located nearby?
There is a resource online that parents can use to see if there is a
public cord blood bank near them called the Parents Guide to Cord Blood
which can be found at www.parentsguidecordblood.org.
Does one need the agreement of the hospital/midwifery team in order to make the donation?
With public donation, dependent on the individual country you may be able to donate your baby’s cord blood for use by an anonymous patient in need. For example in 2009 in the United States, the National Marrow Donor Programme facilitated more than 4,800 marrow and cord blood transplants for patients who did not have matching donors in the family.
Arrangements do need to be made in advance with the hospital, and
parents would need to check to see if the hospital they are delivering
at is able to take donations. For more information about donation,
visit BeTheMatch.org.
Has there been any resistance to the project?
Education around the benefits of cord blood stem cells is a very slow
process. Unfortunately, 95% of the time these precious resources are
discarded as medical waste. We encourage expectant parents to learn
their options with regard to newborn stem cell banking and to ask their
doctors about CBR. There are also online educations modules which can
help start that process like www.cordbankingbasics.com.
Are all donations accepted and used ?
If a family is eligible to donate, the samples do not always make it
into storage to be available for transplant. According to some of the
public banking web sites, as many as 71% of the donations sent in may be
rejected based on family medical history, maternal medical history,
collection volume, or examination of the maternal blood sample.
How can a family living outside the US get their stem cells to a bank?
As long as their own laws permit the collection and storage of cord blood for
family use, they can choose CBR as their bank. There are international
banks, and the Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood Foundation lists those
businesses. That site also does stress that proximity is not
necessarily the best filter to choose a cord blood bank for your family.
Instead, there are a list of factors that parents should consider like
the experience of the bank, whether or not they have successfully
released samples for treatment, financial stability, quality measures on
the collection, processing and storage etc.
Can you share with us an example of how the use of stored cells has
helped someone?
CBR has many examples of client families who have used the cord blood
stem cells stored with us, as successful treatments for their children.
One of our longstanding programs, the Newborn Possibilities Program,
allows families to bank and store newborn stem cells for 5 years for
free, if they have a child diagnosed with a medical condition treatable
with stem cells. One such family, the Mulumba family, benefitted from
this exact program. Daughter Carol, was gravely ill with sickle cell
anemia. Traditional treatments were not working and she was in constant
pain. When Carol’s mom, Lucky, became pregnant with a second child, her
doctor told her about CBR and cord blood banking. Carol received a
combination of her brother’s cord blood stem cells and bone marrow stem
cells and has now been sickle cell free for three years.
Tell us more about current research using stem cells.
On the research side, we are really talking about two paths – think of them as development of two different kinds of drugs. One path is fed by the public banking system and further refines transplant medicine. Using stem cells to help in a last resort type of scenario to treat people where chemo and other lines of defense have failed. And the other research path is for regenerative
medicine, looking at the possibility of using stem cells to help trigger
the body to initiate repair on its own. At this point, participating in
this kind of research requires the use of ones own stem cells because
that is known to be safe. Today, family banking is helping to advance
this kind of regenerative medicine research because there is a pool of
families who have chosen to save a source of their own family’s stem
cells. Diseases being looked at here are totally different from
transplant medicine and in many cases represent illnesses and diseases
for which there are currently no medical therapies like cerebral palsy,
brain injury, hearing loss or type one diabetes.
For more information about the Cord Blood Registry visit www.cordblood.com